Audience response system smartphone application as an adjunct to tuberculosis teaching for medical students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The growing availability of devices for mobile learning has created new opportunities for teaching. With the development of smartphone apps based on audience response systems, there is a possibility to quickly assess student knowledge. The education of health professionals, including medical students, is an essential strategy for tuberculosis control. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, audience response systems are very useful as online assessment tools. The aim of this study was to use the audience response systems Socrative to assess medical students during a class on tuberculosis. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental before-and-after study, with pre- and post-tests carried out through the Socrative app, respectively, before and after a lecture on tuberculosis for medical students. Also, a cross-sectional study was carried out after the course to evaluate the participant's satisfaction through an electronic, structured questionnaire with a Likert-type scale. RESULTS: A total of 126 students were included in the study. The overall mean pre- and post-test scores were 5.98±1.59 and 8.37±1.36, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001). Almost all students were totally satisfied with the use of Socrative on pre- and post-tests. CONCLUSION: This study describes how the use of Socrative in a tuberculosis class was well received by students. In addition, the baseline knowledge on tuberculosis was low in some topics, with some improvement after the lecture. These findings emphasize the need to further improve the students' knowledge on tuberculosis and help instructors customize the lecture based on the gaps identified in the Socrative assessment.

Percepción sobre el proceso de aprendizaje bajo el contexto de virtualidad en estudiantes de odontología / Perception of the learning process under the context of virtuality in dental students

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de odontología sobre su proceso de aprendizaje bajo el contexto de la virtualidad. Para ello se realizó la búsqueda de artículos científicos, artículos de revisión y tesis publicadas desde el año 2020 hasta el 2023. Las bases de datos de donde se recopilaron los estudios fueron: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, y Google Académico. Las opiniones de los estudiantes fueron positivas en su mayoría. Los aspectos positivos de la virtualidad se relacionaron a la flexibilidad de horarios, ahorro de tiempo y gastos extras; así mismo indicaron que resulta ser una manera didáctica de llevar las asignaturas teóricas. Por otro lado, los aspectos negativos se vincularon a las asignaturas clínicas y de laboratorio, señalaron que su proceso de aprendizaje durante la pandemia fue deficiente en estas materias. Sin embargo, algunos estudios demostraron que la virtualidad es una buena alternativa complementaria para los estudiantes de preclínica, debido a que los prepara para abordar al paciente con mayor confianza y seguridad. Se puede concluir que la virtualidad es un buen aliado en el aprendizaje de educación dental, algunos de los estudiantes alientan a que esta modalidad continúe a través del tiempo, sobre todo en cursos teóricos y preclínicos. La virtualidad puede seguir siendo parte de la educación dental en nuestro país, pero de ello también depende de las estrategias y metodologías de enseñanza que lo acompañen.

The objective of this article is to know the perception of dental students about their learning process under the context of virtuality. For this purpose, a search was carried out for scientific articles, review articles and theses published from 2020 to 2023. The databases from which the studies were compiled were: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The opinions of the students were mostly positive. The positive aspects of virtuality were related to the flexibility of schedules, time savings and extra expenses; They also indicated that it turns out to be a didactic way of carrying out the theoretical subjects. On the other hand, the negative aspects were linked to clinical and laboratory subjects; they indicated that their learning process during the pandemic was deficient in these subjects. However, some studies have shown that virtuality is a good complementary alternative for preclinical students, because it prepares them to approach the patient with greater confidence and security. It can be concluded that virtuality is a good ally in learning dental education; some of the students encourage this modality to continue over time, especially in theoretical and preclinical courses. Virtuality can continue to be part of dental education in our country, but it also depends on the teaching strategies and methodologies that accompany it.

Treino Remoto Parental para Aplicação do Protocolo de Avaliação do Ecoico a Crianças com Autismo / Remote Parental Training for the Application of the Echoic Assessment Protocol to Children with Autism

RESUMO: Um dos fatores de maior preocupação dos pais de filhos com autismo é o déficit na comunicação social. O ensino dos pais de como desenvolver tal habilidade em seu filho, além de ser uma forma de ampliar o tempo de intervenção é um tratamento com resultados satisfatórios. Destaca-se a importância do ensino do ecoico no desenvolvimento da fala da criança por ser um prérequisito para a instalação de comportamentos mais complexos. No que se refere ao cenário pandêmico de isolamento social, faz-se necessária uma intervenção comportamental a distância, e o pacote de Behavior Skills Training (BST) tem sido útil para ensinar pais a aplicarem procedimentos comportamentais em seus filhos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos do pacote de treinamento ministrado de modo remoto aos pais sobre o ensino da aplicação do protocolo teste do repertório de ecoico a crianças com autismo. Por meio de um delineamento de linha de base múltipla, foram observados os resultados de três mães participantes, das quais uma apresentou 24% de acertos em linha de base, atingindo 100% após a introdução do BST, o que indicou a eficácia do procedimento de ensino. Após o aprendizado, as mães não voltaram a aplicar o procedimento nos filhos.

ABSTRACT: One of the factors of greatest concern for parents of children with autism is the deficit in social communication. Teaching parents how to develop this ability in their child, in addition to being a way to extend the intervention time, is a treatment with satisfactory results. The importance of teaching the echoic in the development of the child's speech is highlighted, as it is a prerequisite for the installation of more complex behaviors. With regard to the pandemic and social isolation scenario, a remote behavioral intervention is necessary, and the Behavior Skills Training (BST) package has been useful to teach parents to apply behavioral procedures to their children. This study aimed to verify the effects of the training package given remotely to parents on teaching the application of the echoic repertoire test protocol to children with autism. Through a multiple baseline design, the results of three participating mothers were observed, one of which had 24% of correct answers at baseline, reaching 100% after the introduction of BST, indicating the effectiveness of the teaching procedure. After learning, the mothers did not apply the procedure to their children again.

Emprego de tecnologias computacionais (Weblab) como suporte às práticas laboratoriais em curso de Medicina / Using computational technologies (Weblab) in an undergraduate medical course as supporting tools for laboratorial practices

Resumo: Introdução: As escolas de Medicina buscaram maneiras factíveis de introduzir melhorias no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, especificamente no ensino remoto, durante o período de isolamento social ocasionado pela pandemia do novo coronavírus Sars-Cov-2. Um dos maiores desafios encontrados foi a estruturação das aulas práticas laboratoriais, essenciais à formação médica, em face dessa nova realidade. O Weblab, um sistema de automação remota concebido, desenvolvido e instalado para substituir as aulas práticas presenciais, apresentou-se como uma possível alternativa para o cumprimento da carga horária estabelecida pelo MEC. Relato de experiência: A experiência ocorreu nas aulas práticas de Anatomia, nos primeiros semestres de 2020 e 2022. Em 2020, em virtude da necessidade de realizar atividades laboratoriais, respeitando as regras de distanciamento social, desenvolveu-se um sistema composto de hardwares e softwares que objetivava a realização a distância de observação e manipulação de peças anatômicas como alternativa às práticas laboratoriais presenciais. Nessa proposta, além da análise detalhada das peças, o discente conseguia armazenar as imagens e enviá-las para o seu e-mail, contribuindo para executar os exercícios específicos indicados pelo professor. Discussão: O projeto contribuiu para aumentar a motivação dos alunos, em face da dinâmica interação docente-discente estabelecida remotamente. Os resultados das avaliações qualitativas realizadas com dez alunos indicaram que a nova atividade remota era amigável e de fácil realização. Na perspectiva dos alunos, também houve melhoria no processo ensino-aprendizagem. No entanto, seria ainda necessário o emprego de métodos estatísticos de avaliações quantitativas, em uma população maior, utilizando grupos de controle, para comprovar os benefícios no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Conclusão: A plataforma Weblab Anatomia demonstrou que o emprego de tecnologias no ensino pode ajudar como um apoio às aulas práticas laboratoriais presenciais ou mesmo como modelo a ser operado a distância, em atenção às situações de pandemia, de acordo com as orientações sanitárias. Os resultados qualitativos apresentam aspectos importantes e positivos dessa experiência.

Abstract: Introduction: Medical Schools sought feasible ways to introduce improvements in the teaching-learning process, specifically in remote teaching, during the period of social distancing enforced by the new Sars-Cov-2 coronavirus pandemic. One of the biggest challenges encountered was the structuring of practical laboratory classes, essential to medical training, in the face of this new reality. The design, development, and installation of a remote automation system, called Weblab, replacing face-to-face practical classes, was presented as a possible alternative for meeting the workload established by the Brazilian Ministry of Education. Experience report: this experiment took place in practical Anatomy classes, in the first semesters of 2020 and 2022. In 2020, there was a need to carry out laboratory activities respecting the social distancing rules. A system with hardware and software was developed for students to perform the activities proposed by the teacher. In this system, the student can position a certain anatomical piece remotely, save images with different views and send them to their e-mail, completing the proposed exercises. Discussion: the experiment provided indications of increased student motivation to execute laboratory activities remotely, in view of the dynamic teacher-student interaction. The results of the qualitative evaluations carried out by 10 students indicated that students found it easy to use the equipment in the experiment. From the students' perspective, there was also an indication of improvement in the teaching/learning process. However, statistical indications are needed to demonstrate this improvement with the application of quantitative assessments on the course content in control groups, using a larger population and with and without the use of the Weblab. Conclusion: the Weblab Anatomy platform demonstrated that the use of technologies makes it possible to change face-to-face laboratory classes to a remote model, helping to solve the problem of physical distancing, complying with health guidelines to avoid contagion in pandemic periods. Qualitative results show important and positive aspects of this experiment, such as the ease of using the Weblab platform.

Percepção do ensino remoto emergencial por discentes em uma escola de ensino superior de saúde / Students' views on emergency distance learning at a medical and health sciences school

Resumo: Introdução: Com a pandemia de Covid-19, instituições globais de saúde recomendaram a adoção de medidas restritivas, como o fechamento de unidades de ensino. As instituições de ensino tiveram que se adaptar ao ensino remoto emergencial de forma abrupta e com pouco tempo para preparo. Os alunos também tiveram desafios a serem enfrentados, como uso da internet e isolamento dentro de casa. O ensino superior na área de saúde também teve que se adequar a esse novo modelo com adaptação a práticas humanizadas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção da utilização do ensino remoto emergencial por discentes em uma universidade pública de saúde durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizada por meio de aplicação de um questionário com perguntas fechadas. O questionário foi dividido em quatro tópicos: caracterização da amostra, condições de uso da internet, condições do local do estudo e percepção do estudante acerca da utilização do ensino remoto. Resultado: Participaram do estudo 480 alunos dos cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina e Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. A maioria desses alunos utilizou wi-fi residencial, com qualidade de sinal regular, e aqueles que residem no interior do estado foram os mais prejudicados por conta da inconstância da internet. Os alunos assistiram predominantemente às aulas no quarto e apontaram a fácil desconcentração como o fator mais prejudicial das aulas remotas. A maioria dos alunos discorda da eficácia das avaliações para esse tipo de ensino, assim como avalia de forma insatisfatória a experiência com o ensino remoto. No entanto, a maioria concordou que é possível aprender o conteúdo teórico com qualidade no ensino remoto. Conclusão: A pandemia de Covid-19 acarretou uma mudança repentina de cenário. O novo modelo educacional, de educação a distância, trouxe novos desafios para o ensino. Os resultados evidenciam que os fatores que prejudicaram os estudantes foram a instabilidade da internet e a dificuldade em se concentrar durante a aprendizagem remota. Houve facilidade para os discentes esclarecerem as dúvidas das aulas com os docentes, o que corrobora o ensino e a aprendizagem da parte teórica por meio desse sistema.

Abstract: Introduction: The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic led global health institutions to recommend the adoption of restrictive measures such as the closure of educational facilities. Educational institutions were forced to suddenly adapt to emergency distance learning methods, with little time for preparation. The students also faced challenges such as relying on the internet and remaining isolated at home. Medical and health science schools also had to adapt to this new model to humanized practices. Objective: To evaluate the perceived use of emergency distance learning by students at a state university health sciences and medical school during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Method: This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, involving the application of a questionnaire containing closed questions. The questionnaire was divided into four topics: sample characterization, conditions for internet use, study site conditions, and student perception of the use of distance learning. Result: The study included 480 students from the nursing, medicine, and dentistry courses at the Amazonas State University. Most of these students used their home wifi, with regular signal quality. Students from smaller, inner state towns were the most disadvantaged by inconsistent internet connections. Students were mainly in their bedrooms when they attended the and pointed to losing concentration easily as the main detrimental factor of the remote classes. Most students disagreed with the effectiveness of assessments for this type of learning,and rated the experience with remote teaching as unsatisfactory. However, most students agreed that it is possible to learn theoretical content with quality through distance learning. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic brought about a sudden change of scenery. The new educational model, using distance learning, has brought new challenges for teaching. The results show that the factors that hindered the students were the instability of their internet connection and difficulty in maintaining concentration during distance learning classes. Students found it easy to clarify doubts about the classes with the teachers; the system proved adequate for the teaching and learning of the theoretical content.

Feira das Cartas: integrando promoção, regionalização e gestão em saúde em atividade lúdica e interativa / Letters fair: integrating regionalization, health promotion and management in a playful and interactive activity

Resumo Introdução: A educação médica, por meio de metodologias ativas, proporciona o ensino e a aplicação integrada de conceitos da saúde coletiva, como regionalização, promoção e gestão em saúde. Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, ao considerar a necessidade de adaptações de ensino para a manutenção da qualidade do aprendizado, o módulo de Saúde Coletiva III do curso de graduação em Medicina implementou a atividade remota "Feira Virtual das Cartas de Promoção da Saúde", a qual proporcionou o desenvolvimento de habilidades importantes. Dessa maneira, objetiva-se, neste relato, expor o ensino teórico e a aplicação prática integrada dos conceitos e princípios de promoção, regionalização e gestão da saúde, importantes no estudo da saúde coletiva, por meio dessa atividade no ensino remoto. Relato de experiência: A atividade "Feira Virtual das Cartas de Promoção da Saúde", desenvolvida no terceiro período, contou com quatro etapas. A etapa 0 consistiu em um encontro síncrono para que os docentes explicassem aos discentes as demais etapas e o desenvolvimento da atividade. A primeira compreendeu a leitura das "Cartas de Promoção da Saúde" e a confecção de produto ou ação factível, executável e aplicável para apresentarem na feira. A segunda parte foi composta por gerenciamento de recursos fictícios por cada equipe, considerando a qualidade e as necessidades dos produtos ofertados na feira. A última etapa consistiu na avaliação, por meio de feedback, entre docentes e discentes. Discussão: Por meio dessa dinâmica, os discentes aprofundaram seus conhecimentos acerca das "Cartas de Promoção da Saúde" e puderam aplicar, a partir delas, as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em um contexto mais amplo e globalizado. Os estudantes potencializaram suas habilidades de gestão e criatividade, embora algumas limitações tenham sido observadas, como a falta de um conhecimento mais abrangente sobre "gestão em saúde", o qual poderia ter aprimorado o aproveitamento durante a atividade. Conclusão: Os discentes puderam atuar de forma ativa na construção do conhecimento ao longo do processo, desenvolvendo habilidades imprescindíveis para a prática profissional. A atividade, de forma lúdica, proporcionou a integração de diversos conceitos em saúde coletiva, representando um exemplo de como a educação médica pode atuar de maneira integrativa e prática.

Abstract Introduction: Medical education, through active methodologies, provides the teaching and integrated application of Collective Health concepts, such as Regionalization, Health Promotion and Management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the need for adaptations in teaching methods to maintain the quality of learning, the Collective Health Module III of the undergraduate medical course implemented the remote activity "Virtual Fair of Health Promotion Letters", which provided the development of important skills. Thus, the aim of this report is to expose the theoretical teaching and the integrated practical application of the concepts and principles of health promotion, regionalization and health management, which are important in the study of Collective Health, through this remote learning activity. Experience report: The activity "Virtual Fair of Health Promotion Letters", developed in the third term, had 4 stages. Stage zero consisted of a synchronous meeting for the teachers to explain the other stages and the development of the activity to the students. The first stage included reading the "Health Promotion Letters" and making a feasible, executable and applicable product or action to present at the Fair. The second part consisted of each team managing fictitious resources, considering the quality and needs of the products offered at the fair. The final stage was an evaluation based on feedback between teachers and students. Discussion: Through this dynamic, the students deepened their knowledge about the "Health Promotion Letters" and were able to apply the guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS) in a broader, globalised context. Students enhanced their management and creativity skills, although some limitations were observed, such as the lack of more comprehensive knowledge about "Health management", which could have improved their performance during the activity. Conclusion: The students were able to play an active role in the construction of knowledge throughout the process, developing essential skills for professional practice. The activity, in a playful way, provided the integration of several concepts in Collective Health; representing an example of how medical education can act in an integrative and practical way.

Perfil dos egressos de um mestrado profissional na área da saúde em rede nacional / Profile of graduate students of a nationwide professional master's degree course in the health field

Resumo: Introdução: O texto apresenta pesquisa com alunos egressos do Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família (PROFSAÚDE) que é uma proposta de formação em rede nacional composta por 25 instituições das cinco regiões do Brasil, realizada na modalidade de ensino a distância (EAD), voltada para o fortalecimento de conhecimentos relacionados à atenção primária à saúde, à gestão em saúde e à educação. Objetivo: Este estudo caracteriza o perfil sociodemográfico e de atuação profissional dos egressos da primeira turma de mestrado profissional em Saúde da Família em rede nacional e identifica as contribuições do curso para a atuação profissional e o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa que utilizou um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas como instrumento de pesquisa. Resultado: Os resultados apresentam o perfil dos egressos, as motivações para realização do curso, os impactos no cotidiano de trabalho e na carreira profissional, bem como a repercussão do produto final do curso nos processos formativos de profissionais da saúde e na assistência. Conclusão: A experiência de formação de profissionais da saúde na modalidade EAD tem potencial pela capacidade de atingir equitativamente diferentes regiões do país, propiciando ao profissional-aluno ferramentas para examinar seu cotidiano e propor soluções aos desafios da atenção primária à saúde, como mencionado pelos egressos em relação à contribuição do produto final do mestrado.

Abstract: Introduction: This paper reports research about graduates of the Professional Master's Degree in Family Health (PROFSAÚDE), a nationwide qualification provided by a network composed of 25 institutions from the five regions of Brazil. The course is administered through distance learning,and is aimed at strengthening knowledge related to Primary Health Care, health management and education. Purpose: To characterize the socio-demographic profile and professional performance of the graduates of the first class of the professional master's degree in Family Health and identify how the course has contributed to professional performance and to strengthening the Unified Health System (SUS). Method: This research is based on a quantitative approach that used a questionnaire with open and closed questions as a research instrument. Results: The results present the profile of the graduates, their motivations for taking the course, the impacts on their daily work and professional career, as well as the repercussion of the final product of the course in the training processes of health care professionals. Conclusion: The potential of training health professionals through distance learning is showcased by the ability to reach different regions of the country equitably, providing the professional/student with tools to examine their daily lives and propose solutions to the challenges of Primary Health Care, as mentioned by graduates in relation to the contribution of the final product of the Master's degree.

Teleatendimento em exercício físico pa ra população com transtorno do espectro autista: desafios e possibilidades / Teleservice in physical exercise for population with autism spectrum disorder: challenges and possibilities

RESUMO Neste artigo, objetivou-se identificar possibilidades e dificuldades relacionadas ao teleatendimento em exercício físico para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) atendidas por um serviço especializado de Maceió. Utilizou-se o delineamento AB; e, na linha de base, foram aplicados instrumentos de caracterização dos perfis de sintomas relacionados ao TEA dos participantes e de aspectos sociodemográficos, tanto dos participantes quanto de seus mediadores familiares. A fase de intervenção, que consistiu em um teleatendimento em exercício físico via WhatsApp e chamada telefônica para aqueles que tinham smartphones e somente via chamada telefônica para quem não tinha, estendeu-se de abril de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 e contou com dez crianças (6,8 ± 2,1 anos) do sexo masculino e seus mediadores familiares. Ao longo da intervenção, realizaram-se análises dos registros audiovisuais dos mediadores familiares acerca das possibilidades e das dificuldades relacionadas à aplicação da intervenção. Concluiu-se que, ainda que tenha havido dificuldades tecnológicas e sociais, o teleatendimento foi uma importante estratégia para dar continuidade à prática de atividade física no ambiente doméstico e esteve associado à melhoria na relação dos mediadores familiares com os indivíduos com TEA.

ABSTRACT In this paper, we aimed to identify possibilities and difficulties related to teleservice in physical exercise for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) attended by a specialized service in Maceió, Brazil. The AB design was used, and, at baseline, instruments for characterizing the ASD-related symptom profiles of the participants and sociodemographic aspects of both the participants and their family mediators were applied. The intervention phase, which consisted of a teleservice in physical exercise via WhatsApp and a phone call for those who had smartphones and only via phone call for those who did not, was extended from April 2020 to December 2021 and counted on ten male children (6.8 ± 2.1 years old) and their family mediators. During the intervention, analyses of the audiovisual records of the family mediators were conducted regarding the possibilities and difficulties of the application of the intervention. Although there were technological and social difficulties, it was concluded that teleservice was an important strategy to continue the practice of physical activity in the home environment and was associated with an improvement in the relationship between family mediators and individuals with ASD.

Abrupt introduction of distance learning during the covid­19 pandemic: What psychological impact on teachers?

As soon as the COVID 19 , the Moroccan education ministry decided to adopt distance learning (DL). Our target was to study the psychological impact of DL on Moroccan teachers during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Among %, and the average age was 41.1±11.5 years. 79.1% participated in DL, 58.8% were required to acquire DL tools and 71.6% had never received DL training. Between the start and the end of confinement, we noticed a decrease in the motivation of teachers.36.2% had definite depressive symptomatology and 41.3% had certain anxiety symptomatology with a significant predominance in women. The frequencies of depression and anxiety were higher in those who had participated in DL, but the association was not significant. Depression was significantly frequent among teachers who were obliged to acquire tools to practice DL P=0.02, those who had never received training DL P=0.046, and those who were not satisfied with the situation P=0.03. We didn't find a direct association between DL and anxiety and depression, which the small sample size may explain, but we did find an association with the variables related to DL

Education Perception, Experience, and Anxiety Level Among Undergraduate Dental Students in Malaysia During the Covid 19 Pandemic

@#Introduction: This study aims to explore the dental students’ educational experience, the protocol consideration after school reopening and their physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondly, to evaluate the anxiety level of dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional survey was distributed with a hyperlink, reported as frequencies and percentages. A univariate analysis was used to explore the significant associations between demographic variables and anxiety levels. The risk factor was also identified using regression analysis. A two-tailed p<0.25 was considered significant. Results: A total of 333 respondents participated in the survey. Half of the respondents (42.3%) were comfortable with distance learning but worried about passing their examination and completing their clinical requirements. The transitioning to the online course by the lecturer was documented as effective. Despite missing academic sessions, only 15.3% were willing to replace the loss of educational experience. The majority of students (85.9%) believed that masks should be worn in school, but varied perceptions on wearing gloves and frequent COVID-19 testing. For physical health, mostly concerned about contracting the virus after the school reopens. For their anxiety level, nearly half have mild (n=99), moderate (n=55), and severe (n=36) levels. The factors were mainly associated with gender, household income, type of university, and respondent’s accommodation. Conclusion: As positive feedback was recorded towards online learning, constant improvement is needed to ensure the possibility of hybrid learning, even after the pandemic. The physical and psychological health of dental students should be a priority, to ensure a smooth transition during these unprecedented circumstances.

Comparison of ultrasonography learning between distance teaching and traditional methodology. An educational systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Use of the web for radiological education is an obvious application. Many computer-based teaching materials have been developed over recent years, and e-learning is becoming increasingly popular in medical schools. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the effectiveness of distance-learning and/or e-learning, m-learning and web-based methods are equivalent to traditional methods. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of comparative studies of teaching techniques guided by Best Evidence Medical Education. METHODS: A search was carried out in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Tripdatabase, CINAHL and LILACS online databases in April 2020, for original publications in all languages. The following MeSH terms were used: Ultrasonography; Teleradiology; Telemedicine; Education, Medical; Teaching; and Simulation Training; along with the terms e-learning, m-learning and web-based. All eligible studies were assessed using the Kirkpatrick model and Buckley's quality indicators. RESULTS: The search in the databases and a manual search resulted in 4549 articles, of which 16 had sufficient methodological quality for their inclusion. From analysis of these data, it was observed that teaching of ultrasonography using telemedicine methods is similar to the traditional method, except for venous access procedures, for which the studies did not show agreement. CONCLUSION: We found that learning via telemedicine methodologies presents great acceptance among students, besides demonstrating quality similar to the traditional method. Thus, at least at the moment, this has the capacity to serve as an important adjunct in the teaching of ultrasonography. REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CGUPA at the OPENSCIENCE Framework.

Caracterização de podcasts brasileiros na área da fonoaudiologia / Characterization of Brazilian podcasts in the field of speech-language pathology / Caracterización de podcasts brasileños en el campo de la fonoaudiología

O objetivo do estudo apresentado neste artigo é caracterizar o uso dos podcasts na área de fonoaudiologia no Brasil. Realizou-se uma busca, em março de 2022, nas plataformas de streaming Spotify, GooglePodcasts, Castbox e Deezer, por meio do uso dos termos livres 'Fonoaudiologia' e 'Fono'. Foram incluídos podcastscom a temática da fonoaudiologia, apresentados por fonoaudiólogos e/ou estudantes dessa área. Foram excluídos os de episódio único e incluídos 34 podcasts neste estudo. Destes, os resultados revelaram que 88,23% iniciaram suas atividades durante o período pandêmico. No entanto, somente 26,47% divulgaram episódios até 19 de março de 2022. Além disso, 32,35% possuem menos de cinco episódios. Observou-se que 23,53% estavam vinculados a instituições de ensino superior. A maioria tem enfoque na área da voz e adota o formato de entrevista. Concluiu-se que houve uma quantidade expressiva de estreias de podcasts da área da fonoaudiologia a partir de 2020, e que, porém, a maioria deles foi descontinuada pouco tempo depois.

The study presented in this article aims to characterize the use of podcasts in the speech-language patholo-gy f ield in Brazil. A search was carried out in March 2022 on the streaming platforms Spotify, GooglePod-casts, Castbox and Deezer, using the free terms 'Fonoaudiologia' and 'Fono'. Podcasts with the theme of speech-language pathology, presented by speech-language pathologists and/or speech-language pathology students, were included. The podcasts presenting a single episode were excluded and 34 podcasts were included in this study. The results revealed that 88.23% of them started their activities during the pandemic period. However, only 26.47% were disclosed until March 19, 2022. In addition, 32.35% have less than f ive episodes. It was observed that 23.53% were linked to higher education institutions. Most of them focus on the voice area and adopt the interview format. We had concluded that a signif icant number of podcasts in the speech-language pathology f ield emerged from 2020. Nevertheless, most of them was discontinued shortly afterwards.

El objetivo del estudio presentado en este artículo es caracterizar el uso de podcasts en el campo de la fonoaudiología en Brasil. Se realizó una búsqueda en marzo de 2022 en las plataformas de streaming Spotify, GooglePodcasts, Castbox y Deezer, utilizando los términos libres 'Fonoaudiologia' y 'Fono'. Se incluyeron podcasts con el tema de fonoaudiología, presentados por fonoaudiólogos y/o estudiantes de fonoaudiología. Se excluyeron los podcasts que presentaran solo un episodio y 34 fueron incluidos en este estudio. Los resultados mostraron que 88,23% iniciaron sus actividades durante el período de pandemia. Sin embargo, solo 26,47% divulgaron episodios hasta 19 de marzo de 2022. Además, 32,35% tienen menos de cinco episodios. Se observó que 23,53% estaban vinculados a instituciones de educación superior. La mayoría enfoca el área de la voz y adopta el formato de entrevista. Concluimos que hubo una gran cantidad de estrenos de podcasts del área de fonoaudiología a partir de 2020, pero que en su mayoría ellos han sido interrumpidos poco después

Hiperentorno educativo para el aprendizaje de la asignatura Metodología de la Investigación e introducción a la Inferencia Estadística / Educative hyper-environment for learning the subject Methodology of the Investigation and the introduction to Inferencial Statistics for the nursing career

Se elaboró un hiperentorno educativo sobre el programa de estudio de Metodología de la Investigación e introducción a la Inferencia Estadística para la carrera de Enfermería, lo que permitió organizar el acceso a información actualizada y, con ello, favorecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. A tal efecto, fueron entrevistados 10 profesores y 57 estudiantes de cuarto año de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Facultad de Enfermería-Tecnología de la Salud de Santiago de Cuba; asimismo, se valoró el nivel de efectividad de las acciones realizadas junto con los estudiantes -bajo la orientación de docentes y tutores-, con vistas a beneficiar la formación científico-profesional, lo cual se evidenció en los cambios de actitud y motivación al valorar la significatividad de los resultados, así como en el aumento del número de participantes a los eventos científicos y la mayor calidad del contenido de las investigaciones. Los docentes, tutores y estudiantes evaluaron de adecuado el hiperentorno y se demostró que su aplicación puede contribuir al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del programa de Metodología de la Investigación e introducción a la Inferencia Estadística.

An educative hyper-environment on the study program of the subjects Methodology of Investigation and Introduction to the Inferencial Statistics was implemented, which allowed to organize the access to updated information, and, with this, to improve the teaching-learning process. For this purpose, 10 professors and 57 students belonging to the fourth year of the nursing degree from the Health Technology-Nursing Faculty in Santiago de Cuba city were interviewed, likewise, the effectiveness level of the actions carried out with the students -under the guide of professors and tutors- aimed at improving the scientific and professional training, which was evidenced in the changes in attitude and motivation when evaluating the significance of the results, as well as in the increase in the number of participants in the scientific events and in the higher quality in the contents of the investigations. Teachers, tutors and students evaluated the hyper-environment as adequate and it was shown that its implementation may contribute to the teaching-learning process of the Methodology of Investigations and of the introduction to Inferencial Statistics.

Una experiencia universitaria innovadora: la odontopediatría durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / An innovative university experience: pediatric dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic

La realidad impuesta por la situación de emergencia sanitaria y el impacto que tiene el SARS-CoV-2 sobre la humanidad, tuvo como reto fundamental en la asignatura de Odontopediatría, seguir educando. Nos planteamos como objetivo, disponer de los medios necesarios para fortalecer la innovación continua en el uso de metodologías y herramientas de información y comunicación que nos permitieran cumplir los compromisos con los estudiantes. La asignatura fue estructurada en clases teóricas, clases magistrales y trabajos prácticos de aplicación de la teoría. La propuesta de enseñanza se focaliza en el niño como una unidad bio-psico-social en constante evolución que debe ser abordado de manera integral e interdisciplinaria y se debe tener en cuenta el contexto social. Todas las instancias de enseñanza desarrollaron la modalidad virtual. La situación pandémica planteó diversos desafíos, que pudimos afrontar satisfactoriamente. La continuidad educativa durante la primera fase de la pandemia fue el resultado de la creatividad, innovación y adaptación que mostraron tanto los docentes como los estudiantes

The reality imposed by the health emergency and the impact that SARS-CoV-2 has on humanity posed a fundamental challenge in the Pediatric Dentistry course to continue educating. Our objective was to have the necessary means to strengthen continuous innovation in use of methodologies and information and communication tools that would allow us to fulfill our commitments to the students. The course structure consisted of theoretical classes, lectures, and practical work applying the theory. The didactic proposal focuses on the child as a bio-psycho-social unit in constant evolution that must be approached in an integral and interdisciplinary manner, taking into account the social context. All teaching instances were developing the virtual modality. The pandemic situation posed several challenges, which we could successfully address. The educational continuity during the first phase of the pandemic was result of the creativity, innovation, and adaptation shown by both teachers and students.

Inquietudes de um professor de Educação Física em tempos pandêmicos: o que compreendia e não tematizava, o que não consigo compreender e o que começo a saber / An uneasy ness of a Physical Education teacher in pandemic times: what I understood and did not thematize, what I cannot understand and what I begin to know / Una inquietud de un profesor de Educación Física en tiempos de pandemia: lo que entendí y no tematizó, lo que no puedo entender y lo que empiezo a saber

Imbuído pelos impactos da covid-19 na trajetória docente define-se como objetivo analisar as principais aprendizagens na Educação Física escolar na perspectiva de um professor do Ensino Médio Integrado do Instituto Federal Ceará, Campus Baturité, no período pandêmico entre 2020 e 2021. Para tanto, foram organizadas três categorias analíticas, a primeiro foi, "o que compreendia e não tematizava nas aulas de Educação Física", o ensino remoto exigiu mudanças e algumas poderiam ser implementadas antes, um fato foram as redes de colaboração. A segundo foi "o que não consigo compreender para o trabalho docente", tratou da criminalização docente que partia de vários âmbitos e pouco se observou de reconhecimento aos docentes. O terceiro foi "o que começo a saber sobre a prática pedagógica em Educação Física" que organizou elementos que surgiram na pandemia e podem ser incorporados na Educação Física. O principal contributo foi a Unidade Temática do Corpo Consciente.

Imbued by the impacts of covid-19 the objective defined by the teacher's trajectory is to analyse the main ways of learning at the academical Physical Education in the perspective of a teacher at a Integrated High School of the Instituto Federal Ceará, Campus Baturité, in the pandemic period between 2020 and 2021. Therefore, have been organized three analytic categories, first, "what comprehended and didn't thematized in the Physical Education classes", the distance learning demanded changes and some of them could have been implemented before, one of these facts were the collaboration networks. The second, "what I cannot compreend for the teacher's work", whereupon treated about the teacher's criminalization that departed from various ambits and little have been observed about the reconnaissance to the teachers. The third, "what I start to know about the pedagogical practice in Physical Education" which organized elements that emerged in the pandemics and can be incorpored in the Physical Education. The main contributor was the Thematic Unity of Concious Body.

Los impactos genereados por el Covid-19 en la trayectoria docente, exige una búsqueda por analizar algunos puntos entre los principales aprendizajes en Educación Física escolar. Lo haremos desde la perspectiva de un docente integrado de secundaria del Instituto Federal Ceará, Campus Baturité, en el período entre 2020 y 2021. Para ello, se organizaron tres categorías analíticas, la primera fue, "lo que entendía y no tematizaba en las clases de educación física", la enseñanza remota requería cambios y algunos podían implementarse antes, un hecho eran las redes de colaboración. El segundo fue "lo que no puedo entender por el trabajo docente", versó sobre la criminalización docente que partió de diversas áreas y poco se observó de reconocimiento a los docentes. El tercero fue "lo que empiezo a saber sobre la práctica pedagógica en Educación Física" que organizó elementos que surgieron en la pandemia y pueden ser incorporados a la Educación Física. La principal contribución fue la Unidad Temática del Cuerpo Consciente.

Implementation of an online-based JICA Knowledge Co-Creation Program on capacity development among African community health professionals / 国際保健医療

Introduction  Asahikawa Medical University has been conducting a JICA Knowledge Co-Creation Program (KCCP) “Health Administration for Community Health Officers in Africa” in Japan since 2008. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the KCCP in 2020 was a hybrid of distance learning and following on-site training in Japan, which the latter was canceled thereafter. This paper reports on how this hybrid program was organized and implemented.Methods: Preparation  The program was held in January-February 2021, with eight official participants from five countries and nine observers from two countries. The participants were required to engage in self-learning by PowerPoint materials with lecturers’ audio descriptions and zoom-based interactive meetings. The PowerPoint materials were freely accessible at our Google Drive account. There were 10 zoom sessions during the program.Results: Implementation  At the beginning, all the lecture materials were converted to mp4 clips and uploaded to a Youtube channel due to the difficulties downloading heavy files with limited internet connection. A total of 24 videos were created with an average length of 58 minutes in each. Zoom-based interactive meetings were held regularly in the morning in the African continent. Almost all of the sessions were productive, but the participants were sometimes interrupted due to a weak network environment or their regular work assignments. Most provided contents were well understood.Discussion  Despite some technical and environmental difficulties, the new-style, web-based training course facilitated the participation of observers as well as regular participants, providing more opportunities for interaction and discussion among trainees than a previous old-fashioned, on-site program. Improvement of the training environment particularly for participants is necessary to produce better training outcomes in the future, such as renting a hotel room and securing virtual connections.

Fatores associados à ansiedade/depressão nos estudantes de Medicina durante distanciamento social devido à Covid-19 / Factors associated with anxiety/depression in medical students during social distancing due to Covid-19

Resumo: Introdução: Os processos formativos na educação médica possuem fatores estressores e possíveis desencadeadores de transtornos mentais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados aos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão nos estudantes de Medicina durante o distanciamento social devido à pandemia pela Covid-19. Método: Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal entre maio a junho de 2020, com estudantes de Medicina das instituições de ensino superior do estado de Pernambuco, no Brasil. Elaborou-se um questionário on-line por meio do Google Forms contendo características sociodemográficas e clínicas, e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (EHAD). Para análise estatística, realizou-se análise multivariada, e calcularam-se a razão de risco (RR) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), considerando o coeficiente de significância p < 0,05. Resultado: As variáveis associadas ao maior risco de sinais e sintomas de ansiedade foram sexo feminino, diminuir/aumentar o hábito de fumar, aumentar/não alterar o consumo de medicamentos, diminuir/não praticar lazer, não preparação da universidade para o ensino a distância (EAD), ter EAD antes da pandemia e diminuição do rendimento escolar comparado aos períodos anteriores. Quanto à depressão, observaram-se os seguintes fatores: maior risco para aumentar/não alterar o uso de medicamentos, diminuir a prática de lazer, universidade não ter se preparado para o EAD, diminuição do rendimento escolar e cor de pele parda. Conclusão: Identificaram-se diferentes fatores relacionados aos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão no período de distanciamento social causado pela pandemia da Covid-19.

Abstract: Introduction: Medical training involves stressors and possible triggers of mental disorders. Objective: Our study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression in medical students during social distancing measures imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2020 among medical students from higher education institutions in Pernambuco state, Brazil. An online questionnaire was created using Google Forms containing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (EHAD). For statistical analysis, multivariate analysis was performed and the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated, considering the significance coefficient (p) <0.05. Result: The variables associated with a higher risk of anxiety signs and symptoms were female gender, decreasing/increasing smoking habit, increasing/not changing drug consumption, decreasing/not practicing leisure, lack of preparation by the university for distance learning, distance learning in place before the pandemic and decline in academic performance compared to previous periods. As for depression, there was a greater risk of increasing/not changing the use of medications, decreasing leisure time, university not being prepared for distance learning, declining academic performance and brown skin colour. Conclusion: Different factors related to the signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression were identified in the period of social distancing resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Astenopia em docentes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Asthenopia in college lecturers during the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar sintomas astenópicos e fatores sociodemográficos, hábitos comportamentais e clínicos nos docentes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal que avaliou a ocorrência de astenopia em 104 docentes. Questionários de sintomatologia visual validados foram adaptados para a coleta de dados. Houve comparação dos docentes quanto à ocorrência ou não de sintomas astenópicos, bem como foi aplicada regressão logística binária, para aferir a associação com variáveis independentes (p<0,05). Resultados: Houve maior aparecimento de sintomas astenópicos durante o período pandêmico, em que o tempo de exposição a telas parece ter sido o fator mais determinante. Além disso, os indivíduos com tempo de tela superior a 5 horas diárias, que faziam uso de telas para o lazer e usavam colírio/lubrificantes apresentaram significativamente maior chance de estar no grupo com sintomas astenópicos. Conclusão: Foi identificada associação significativa entre a ocorrência de sintomas astenópicos e o uso de telas durante o período pandêmico, principalmente nos grupos com maior duração do tempo de tela. O estudo chama atenção para a saúde ocular de docentes universitários em ensino remoto, além de suscitar novos estudos para investigação desse quadro em distintos ambientes escolares.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess asthenopic symptoms and sociodemographic factors, behavioral and clinical aspects in college lecturers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating asthenopia in 104 lecturers. Some validated visual symptom questionnaires were adapted for data collection. Lecturers were compared regarding the occurrence or not of asthenopic symptoms, and binary logistic regression was applied to measure the association with independent variables (p<0.05). Results: Asthenopic symptoms occurred more often during the pandemic, when exposure to screens was a determinant factor. The individuals with screen time longer than five hours a day, who used screens for leisure, and who used eye drops/lubricants were significantly more likely to be in the group with asthenopic symptoms. Conclusion: A significant association was identified in occurrence of asthenopic symptoms and screen use during the pandemic period, especially in groups with longer screen time. The study draws attention to the eye health of college lecturers in distance learning, and the need for further research on this situation in different school environments.

Currículo informal singular: eletividade na formação médica durante a pandemia / Singular informal curriculum: electiveness in medical training during the pandemic

Resumo: Introdução: A interrupção das atividades de ensino imposta pela pandemia de Sars-CoV-2 ofereceu uma oportunidade ímpar de analisar os hábitos de estudo extracurriculares dos estudantes de Medicina, buscando compreender como a inexistência de um direcionamento institucional temático impactou a formação médica durante esse período de isolamento social. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência, as temáticas e as principais fontes dos estudos durante o período de suspensão de aulas na pandemia. Método: Trata-se de um estudo analítico e descritivo com dados colhidos a partir de um questionário virtual aplicado a estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior. Resultado: A partir da suspensão total das aulas, dos 310 participantes, 152 (49,0%) discentes alegaram ter estudado temas relacionados à área de ciências da saúde e 93 (30,0%) estudaram temas não relacionados à área de ciências da saúde. Estatisticamente, houve preferência exclusiva por uma área outra (p < 0,001), indicando dois perfis de estudo no período. Os interesses temáticos mais abundantes foram aqueles abordados em eventos médicos virtuais, como congressos ou simpósios, bem como os relacionados à Covid-19. Entre os temas mais citados, destacaram-se: fisiologia, clínica médica e geral ou especializada, anatomia, idiomas, finanças e filosofia. Conclusão: A despeito da suspensão das atividades acadêmicas curriculares, os estudantes buscaram novos aprendizados de acordo com suas demandas intelectivas, denotando o desenvolvimento de um currículo informal singularizado.

Abstract: Introduction: The interruption of teaching activities imposed by the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to analyze the extracurricular study habits of medical students, seeking to understand how the lack of a thematic institutional targeting impacted on medical training during the period of social isolation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluation of the occurrence, themes, and main sources of studies during the period of suspension of classes in the pandemic. Method: Analytical and descriptive study with data collected from a virtual questionnaire applied to medical students of a higher education institution. Result: From the complete suspension of local activities, of the 310 participants, 152 (49.0%) students claimed to have studied topics related to the health sciences and 93 (30.0%) studied topics not related to the health sciences area. Statistically, there was an exclusive preference for one area to another (p < 0.001), indicating two study profiles in the period. The most abundant thematic interests were those addressed in virtual medical events, such as conferences or symposia, as well as those related to Covid-19. It stands out as the most cited themes: physiology, medical and general or specialized clinic, anatomy, languages, finance and philosophy. Conclusion: Despite the suspension of academic activities, students sought new learning habits according to their intellectual demands, denoting the development of a singularized informal curriculum.

Controvérsias sobre ensino remoto em escolas no isolamento social: um estudo dos posicionamentos de entidades brasileiras da educação e psicologia / Controversies about remote learning in schools in social isolation: a study of the stance of Brazilian education and psychology entities / Controversias sobre la educación a distancia en escuelas durante el aislamiento social: un estudio de los posicionamientos de las entidades brasileñas de educación y psicología

Este trabalho objetivou realizar levantamento, em fontes da internet relacionadas à educação e à psicologia, que se referem ao ensino remoto, em escolas, no período entre 11/03 e 11/05/2020, no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e documental, em que foram analisadas referências de 13 entidades brasileiras. Nestas, foram encontradas 86 produções (75 escritas e 11 audiovisuais) discutidas segundo a análise de conteúdo, a qual produziu sete categorias. Os resultados apontam um movimento para agilizar a efetivação do ensino remoto, fazendo com que as estratégias pedagógicas ficassem à mercê da improvisação, o que pode trazer consequências nefastas para alunos, professores, responsáveis e educação em geral. Percebeu-se a relevância de posicionamentos críticos, comprometidos com uma educação de qualidade para todos, visto que as medidas adotadas podem implicar na (re)produção das desigualdades sociais e invisibilizar as singularidades dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem.

This work aimed to carry out a survey, based on internet sources related to education and psychology, in regard to distance learning, in schools, in the period between 03/11 and 05/11/2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a qualitative, exploratory and documentary research was developed, in which 13 Brazilian entities' references were analyzed. In these, 86 productions were found (75 written and 11 audiovisual) and discussed according to the content analysis, which produced seven categories. The results point to a movement to speed up the implementation of distance learning, making pedagogical strategies at the mercy of improvisation, which can lead to harmful consequences for students, teachers, guardians and education in general. It was noticed the relevance of critical stances, committed to qualified education for all, since the adopted measures can imply the (re)production of social inequalities and make the singularities of teaching-learning processes invisible.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio en fuentes de internet, relacionadas a la educación y psicología, que se refieren a la enseñanza a distancia en las escuelas, en el período comprendido entre 11/03 y 11/05/2020, en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. Con este fin, se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y documental, en la que se analizaron referencias de 13 entidades brasileñas. Se encontraron 86 producciones (75 escritas y 11 audiovisuales) discutidas de acuerdo con el "análisis del contenido", el cual produjo siete categorías. Los resultados apuntan a un movimiento para acelerar la implementación de la enseñanza a distancia, creando estrategias pedagógicas a merced de la improvisación, que pueden tener consecuencias perjudiciales para los alumnos, profesores, tutores y para la educación en general. Se percibió la relevancia de las posturas críticas, comprometidas con una educación de calidad, ya que las medidas adoptadas pueden implicar la (re)producción de desigualdades y hacer invisibles las singularidades de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.